SPM Form 4: Periodic Table of elements (Checklist)
Periodic Table: the table
showing the elements in order of increasing proton number; similar elements are
arranged in columns called groups.
Group: A vertical column of
elements in the Periodic table.
Period: A horizontal row of the
Periodic Table; its number tells you how many electron shells there are.
Alkali metals: the Group I
elements of the Periodic Table, which include lithium, sodium, potassium,
rubidium, caesium and francium.
Alkaline earth metals: the
Group II elements of the Periodic Table, which include beryllium, magnesium,
calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
Halogens: the Group VII
elements of the Periodic Table, which include fluorine, chlorine, bromine,
iodine and astatine.
Noble gases: the Group 18
elements of the Periodic Table; they are called ‘noble’ or inert gases because
they are so unreactive, which include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and
radon.
Transition elements: the
elements in the wide middle block of the Periodic Table (elements in group 3 to
group 12).
Metal: an element that shows
metallic properties (for example conducts electricity, and forms positive ions)
Non-metal - an element that
does not show metallic properties: the non-metals lie to the right of the zig-zag
line in the Periodic Table.
Amphoteric oxide: An oxide
that exhibits both acidic and basic properties.
The atomic radius is a term
used to describe the size of the atom.
The ionization energy is the
energy required to completely remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion.
Electron affinity reflects
the ability of an atom to accept an electron. It is the energy change that
occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom.
Electronegativity is a
measure of the attraction of an atom for the electrons in a chemical bond. The
higher the electronegativity of an atom, the greater its attraction for bonding
electrons.
