The role water in showing the properties of alkalis

An alkali will only exhibits show its alkaline properties when it is dissolved in water.

Presence of water
Molecules in alkali will ionize to hydroxide ions
An alkali wills only exhibits show its alkaline properties when it is dissolved in water 
(the presence of hydroxide ions)

Without the presence of water
Alkali remain in the form of molecules
Cannot ionize to hydroxide ions
No free moving hydroxide ions

Example:  In pure dry power state, the hydroxide ions in barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 powder are arranged orderly at fixed positions. Hence, dry barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 powder does not exhibit alkaline properties. In aqueous state, barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 dissolves and ionizes completely to produce free mobile hydroxide ions. Hence, barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 solution can exhibit alkaline properties.