- Define acid and base according to the Arrhenius concept. Give an example for your answer.
- Define the term conjugate acid-base pair.
- Define amphiprotic species.
- Define an acid and a base according to the Brønsted–Lowry concept. Give an acid–base equation and identify each species as an acid or a base.
- What is meant by the conjugate acid of a base?
- Write an equation in which H2PO3 acts as an acid and another in which it acts as a base.
- Define an acid and a base according to the Lewis concept. Give a chemical equation to illustrate.
- Explain why an acid–base reaction favors the weaker acid.
- Give two important factors that determine the strength of an acid. How does an increase in each factor affect the acid strength?
- Define autoionization. Write the expression for Kw. What is its value at 25˚C?
- What is meant by the pH of a solution? Describe two ways of measuring pH.
- Which is more acidic, a solution having a pH of 4 or one having a pH of 5?
- Identify the relationship between the strength of an acid and that of its conjugate base.
- Identify the rules for determining the relative strengths of oxoacids.
- Identify the relative acid strengths of a polyprotic acid and its anions.