SPM Form 5: Chemicals for Consumers (Checklist)
- Saponification:
Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester where the ester is boiled with sodium
hydroxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide, KOH solution to produce an alcohol and
a sodium or potassium salt of a carboxylic acid.
- Soap is not an effective cleansing
agent in hard water but is only effective in soft water. Detergent is an
effective cleansing agent in both hard water and soft water.
- Soft
water: Water that does not contain mineral salts such as
magnesium salt or calcium salts.
- Hard
water: Water that contain mineral salts.
- Food
additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or
enhance its taste and appearance. Types of additives are preservatives, antioxidants, flavourings, stabilizers,
thickening agents and food dyes (colourings).
- Medicines: a
compound or preparation used for the treatment or prevention of disease,
especially a drug or drugs taken by mouth. Types
of modern medicines are analgesics, antibiotics, stimulants, antidepressant
and antipsychotic.
