Saponification:
Alkaline hydrolysis of an ester where the ester is boiled with sodium
hydroxide, NaOH or potassium hydroxide, KOH solution to produce an alcohol and
a sodium or potassium salt of a carboxylic acid.
Soap is not an effective cleansing
agent in hard water but is only effective in soft water. Detergent is an
effective cleansing agent in both hard water and soft water.
Soft
water: Water that does not contain mineral salts such as
magnesium salt or calcium salts.
Hard
water: Water that contain mineral salts.
Food
additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or
enhance its taste and appearance. Types of additives are preservatives, antioxidants, flavourings, stabilizers,
thickening agents and food dyes (colourings).
Medicines: a
compound or preparation used for the treatment or prevention of disease,
especially a drug or drugs taken by mouth. Types
of modern medicines are analgesics, antibiotics, stimulants, antidepressant
and antipsychotic.
